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Objective To optimize the measurement and analysis method for carbon-14 in environmental biological samples, and to provide technical support for the formulation of standard methods for carbon-14 measurement in environmental biological samples. Methods Through the optimization research on the carbon dioxide absorption method, the moisture content and carbon content of biological samples were measured with the moisture meter and the element analyzer according to the simplified personnel operation and the optimized process steps of the method, and intra- and inter-laboratory validation of the method was carried out. Results Under typical conditions, the lower limit of detection of the method reached 3 Bq/kg, and there were a relative standard deviation within laboratories of less than 17% and a relative standard deviation between laboratories of less than 14%, with a relative error of less than 19%. Most of the sample pretreatment was directly completed by the instrument and equipment, which improved the precision and accuracy of the measurement of moisture content and carbon content in samples, and reduced the influence of experiment personnel’s operation differences on the test results. Conclusion The lower limit of detection, precision, and accuracy of the optimized method meet the relevant requirements for the determination of carbon-14 in biological samples.
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Objective:To analyze data safety problem raised from personal medical data sharing and privacy protection, provide suggestions for improving its application and development.Methods:The personal medical data sharing and privacy protection measures were discussed according to the study of related literatures, typical case analysis, analyzing the current situation and its development trend of legislation status of personal medical data sharing and privacy protection.Results:Medical data is one kind of personal data, but more sensitive than other personal data. The country should strengthen relevant legislation, more clearly define relevant concepts, establish the authority and scope of personal medical data processing, improve the effectiveness and operability of laws, maximize the public interest of data, and ensure the balance between the personal data processing and privacy security.Conclusions:The personal medical data sharing and privacy protection is a systematic project. The solution of the personal security risks is also based on a comprehensive safeguard system which including laws, regulations, management and technology.
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Objective To evaluate the role of necroptosis in intestinal injury induced by autologous orthotopic liver transplantation ( AOLT) in rats. Methods Twenty-four SPF adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 10-12 weeks, weighing 250-280 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group ( group S) , AOLT group ( group T) and necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1 group ( group N) . Necrostatin-11. 0 mg∕kg and the equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide ( DM-SO) were intraperitoneally injected at 30 min before surgery in N and T groups, respectively. Blood samples were collected from the inferior vena cava at 6 h after opening the portal vein ( at 6 h after the end of surgery in group S) for determination of serum diamine oxidase ( DAO) , D-lactic acid ( D-LA) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein ( I-FABP ) concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Rats were sacrificed after blood sampling, and the intestine was removed for examination of the pathological changes ( with a light microscope ) and for determination of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) contents and superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activities ( using a spectrophotometer) , and the expression of receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 ( RIPK1) , RIPK3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein ( MLKL) in intestinal tissues ( by Western blot) . Intestinal damage was assessed and scored using Chiu' s scoring system. Results Compared with group S, the serum DAO, D-LA and I-FABP concentrations, MDA content and Chiu's score were signifi-cantly increased, SOD activity was decreased, and the expression of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL was up-regulated in group T ( P<0. 05) . Compared with group T, the serum DAO, D-LA and I-FABP concentra-tions, MDA content and Chiu's score were significantly decreased, the SOD activity was increased, and the expression of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL was down-regulated in group N ( P<0. 05) . Conclusion Ne-croptosis is involved in the pathophysiological process of intestinal injury induced by AOLT in rats.
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Objective To evaluate the role of necroptosis in liver injury in rats undergoing autolo-gous orthotopic liver transplantation ( AOLT). Methods Twenty-four SPF adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-280 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group ( group S ) , AOLT group ( group T ) and necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1 group ( group N) . Rats were anesthetized using intraperitoneal 5％ chloral hydrate 0. 5 ml∕100 g. A standard mod-el of OALT was established as previously described by Yao et al. in T and N groups. Necrostatin-11. 0 mg∕kg and the equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide were intraperitoneally injected at 30 min before surgery in N and T groups, respectively. Blood samples were collected from the inferior vena cava at 6 h after opening the portal vein ( at 6 h after operation in group S) for determination of serum aspartate amino-transferase(AST) and alanine amino-transferase (ALT) concentrations. The livers were removed for examination of the pathological changes (with a light microscope) and for determination of the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity ( using a spectrophotometer) and expression of receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 ( RIPK1) , RIPK3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like ( MLKL) in liver tis-sues ( by Western blot) . The damage to livers was evaluated using Suzuki′s scoring system. Results Com-pared with group S, the serum AST and ALT concentrations, Suzuki′s score of liver tissues and MDA con-tent were significantly increased, the SOD activity was decreased, and the expression of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL was up-regulated in group T ( P<0. 05) . Compared with group T, the serum AST and ALT con-centrations, Suzuki′s score of liver tissues and MDA content were significantly decreased, the SOD activity was increased, and the expression of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL was down-regulated in group N ( P<0. 05) . Conclusion Necroptosis is involved in liver injury in rats undergoing AOLT.
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Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin on brain injury in the pediatric patients undergoing living-related liver transplantation (LRLT).Methods Sixty pediatric patients with congenital biliary atresia,of both sexes,aged 6-10 months,weighing 6.5-9.5 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅲ or Ⅳ,scheduled for elective LRLT,were randomly divided into either control group (group C,n =30) or ulinastatin group (group U,n =30) using a random number table.Starting from the end of anesthesia induction to the end of surgery,ulinastatin 10 000 U/kg was infused intravenously in group U,while the equal volume of normal saline was infused intravenously in group C.Before operation,at 30 min of anhepatic phase,and at 3 and 24 h of neohepatic phase,blood samples were drawn from the central vein for determination of the concentrations of S-100β protein and neuron-specific enzyme in serum (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-10 and IL-18 in serum (by radio-immunity method).Results Compared with group C,the serum concentrations of S-100β protein,neuron-specific enzyme,IL-6 and IL-18 were significantly decreased,and the serum concentration of IL-10 was significantly increased at 30 min of anhepatic phase and 3 and 24 h of neohepatic phase in group U (P＜0.05).Conclusion Ulinastatin 10 000 U/kg infused intravenously during operation can reduce brain injury in the pediatric patients undergoing LRLT.
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Objective To investigate the effect of interleukin-1 (IL-1) on contractile function of rat thoracic aorta.Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,were sacrificed to obtain the thoracic aortic rings.The experiment was performed in 2 parts.Part Ⅰ The thoracic aortic rings were divided into 2 segments and randomly divided into 2 groups (n =20 each):control group and IL-1 group.In IL-1 group,the thoracic aortic rings were incubated with Kreb solution containing 20 ng/ml IL-1 for 2 h,and contracted with cumulative concentrations of phenylephrine,ranging from 10-9 to 10-5mol/L.In control group,the thoracic aortic rings were incubated with Kreb solution for 2 h,and contracted with cumulative concentrations of phenylephrine,ranging from 10 9 to 10-5mol/L.Part Ⅱ The thoracic aortic rings were divided into 3 segments and randomly divided into 3 groups (n=20 each):IL-1 group,IL-1+ L-NAME (the NOS inhibitor) group and IL-1 +cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin group (IL-1 +Ⅰgroup).The thoracic aortic rings were incubated with Kreb solution containing 20 ng/ml IL-1 for 1.5 h in the three groups.In addition,in IL-1 +L-NAME and IL-1 +Ⅰ groups,the thoracic aortic rings were incubated for 30 min with Kreb solution containing 100 μmol/L L-NAME and 2.5 mmol/L indomethacin,respectively.Contraction of the thoracic aorta was then induced with cumulative concentrations of phenylephrine,ranging from 10 9 to 10-5 mol/L.In group IL-1,the thoracic aortic rings were incubated with Kreb solution.The maximum contractile tension of the thoracic aortic rings was recorded at each concentration of phenylephrine,and the percentage of the maximum contractile tension at the concentration of 10-6 mol/L in group C was obtained.Results Part Ⅰ The percentage of contractile tension at phenylephrine 10-s,10-7,l0 6 and 10-5mol/L was significantly decreased in IL-1 group as compared with C group.Part Ⅱ The percentage of contractile tension at phenylephrine 10-7,10-6 and 10-5mol/L was significantly increased in IL-1+L-NAME and IL-1+I groups as compared with IL-1 group.Conclusion IL-1 can inhibit the contraction of rat thoracic aorta,and promoted production of NO and prostacyclin may be involved in the mechanism.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical value of multi-slice spiral computed tomography portography (MSCTP) in assessing severity of liver cirrhosis and predicting episode risks of hepatic encephalopathy (HE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-six patients with liver cirrhosis who were hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology at the Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University were included in the study.All patients underwent 64-slice MSCTP to grade the portal vein anatomy.The West Haven criteria were used for semi-quantitative assessment of each patient's mental state.The Child-Pugh grading system was used to assess the extent of cirrhosis.Comparison of measurement data between multiple groups was made by one-way ANOVA analysis, and comparison of such between two groups was made by the Mann-Whitney U test, Ranked data were compared with the rank-sum test, and count data were compared by the Chi-Square test.Correlation analysis was performed with Spearman's correlation test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Comparison of the HE grade III group and the HE grade I group showed significant differences between the two in the diameters of left gastric vein, the splenic vein, the intrahepatic left portal vein and the intrahepatic right portal vein (P less than 0.05).Comparison of the Child-Pugh grade C group and the Child-Pugh grade A group showed significant differences between the two in diameters of the left gastric vein, the splenic vein, the intrahepatic left portal vein and the intrahepatic right portal vein (P less than 0.05).The diameters of the main portal vein were not significantly different between the ChildPugh grades and HE classifications (P more than 0.05).The results of MSCTP did show significant differences between different HE classifications in patients with liver cirrhosis and the rate of formation of portal vein thrombosis and fistulas of the hepatic artery-portal vein (P less than 0.05), .but no significant differences with the esophageal and gastric varices, varicose veins around the esophagus, and periumbilical varicose veins (P more than 0.05).HE classification was significantly correlated with formation of portal vein thrombosis and fistula of the hepatic artery-portal vein (r=0.687, P less than 0.05 and r=0.565, P less than 0.05, respectively).MSCTP grading (grade 1:n=35, grade 2:n=36, grade 3:n=15) was not correlated with the Child-Pugh grade (grade A:n=36, grade B:n=32, grade C:n=18) (Z=-0.135, P more than 0.05).Incidence of HE was significantly different among the different MSCTP grades (grade 1:0%(0), grade 2:33.3% (12/36), grade 3:66.7% (10/15); x2=26.468, P less than 0.05).The MSCTP grade was significantly correlated with the episode risks of HE (r=0.552, P less than 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MSCTP may be valuable for assessing severity of liver cirrhosis and for predicting episode risks of HE; however, future studies with larger sample numbers is required for validation of our findings.</p>
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Humans , Esophageal and Gastric Varices , Hepatic Encephalopathy , Hepatic Veins , Liver Cirrhosis , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Portal Vein , Portography , Risk Factors , Tomography, Spiral ComputedABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of berberine preconditioning on the intestinal injury caused by liver cold ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Twenty-four pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-250 g,were randomized into 3 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (S group),I/R group,and berberine preconditioning group (B group).The animals were anesthetized with 5％ chloral hydrate 60 mg/kg.In B group,berberine 200 mg/kg was administered through a gastric tube once a day for 7 consecutive days starting from 7 days before operation.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead of berberine in group Ⅰ/R.At 8 h after operation,the rats were sacrificed and the intestines were harvested for determination of wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio),levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD),expression of cytochrome C,Bax and Bcl-2 and apoptotic cell count,and for microscopic examination.Intestinal damage was assessed and scored according to Chiu.Results Compared with group S,Chiu's score,W/D ratio,MDA content and apoptotic cell count were significantly increased,SOD activity was decreased,the expression of cytochrome C and Bax was up-regulated,and the expression of Bcl-2 was downregulated in I/R and B groups.Compared with group I/R,Chiu's score,W/D ratio,MDA content and apoptotic cell count were significantly decreased,SOD activity was increased,the expression of cytochrome C and Bax was down-regulated,and the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated in B group.Conclusion Berberine preconditioning can reduce the intestinal injury caused by liver cold I/R in rats,and the mechanism is related to inhibition of lipid peroxidation and cell apoptosis.